World is Flat A Brief History of the 21th Century an Example of the Topic History Essays by

World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century Individuals from every corner of the flat world are being empowered...you are going to see every color of the human rainbow take part (Friedman11). This is how writer Thomas Friedman says in his international bestselling book The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century. First published in 2005, the book tackles one of the most realistic phenomena this dot.com age has experienced: globalization. In his travels as a journalist, Friedman, a three-time Pulitzer winner, became aware of the connections not just of individuals but of organizations, governments around the globe, before concluding that the world is flat as opposed to what Christopher Columbus previously reported to the monarchy (5). Need essay sample on "World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Friedman believes that there are three eras of flattening with the first one occurring when Columbus first voyaged until about 1800 (Friedman 9). Globalization 1.0 was about competition among nations, leveraging on strength and how a country can influence the rest (9). Then came Globalization 2.0, which continued until 2000 (9). This era was defined by multinational companies which further made the globe smaller by global expansion and integration (9). It was a time fuelled by the industrial and transport revolution, advancing growth and development- the telegraph, telephones, PCs, satellites, fiber-optic scale and the early version of the World Wide Web (9). It also ushered in a global economy. But it is globalization 3.0 that has made the world flat. Unlike Globalizations 1.0 and 2.0 which were monopolized by a few individuals, mainly Americans and Europeans, Globalization 3.0 focused on individuals or as Friedman puts it, empowerment of individuals (11). Friedman attributes this flattening to ten forces, namely: 1.The collapse of the Berlin Wall- opening the world to democracy; 2. Entrance of Netscape- allowing people to browse the Internet publicly; 3. Workflow software- use of machines to do work; 4. Open-sourcing- people collaborating online for projects; 5. Outsourcing- subcontracting cheaper like (e.g. India) to do certain workflow; 6. Offshoring- moving a companys internal processes to somewhere cheaper; 7.Supply-chaining- collaboration between suppliers, customers and retailers for value creation and streamlining (e.g. Wal-Marts logistics); 8. In sourcing- company providing service to another company, sort of like in-house consultancy (.e.g. UPS mending Toshiba computers); 9. In-forming presence of search engines like Google; and; 10. Presence of steroids- tools that facilitate technology such as mobile phones, PDAs, et al (48-367). These flatteners have been responsible for transforming the world into what it is now, a levell ed ground where anyone can play. Friedmans idea of flatness is absorbing. His narratives tie up everything he is trying to impart to the readers. There are parts when he tackles the American education in regards to facing globalization such as the drop of citizens specializing in science and technology (Friedman 257). This gap is frightening considering how the world now is shaped by technology. What is interesting though is how foreigners living in the country have helped Americas science force buoyed (259). This exactly embodies the flatness the world is now. The World is Flat is an interesting read for those wanting to dive more into the issue of globalization. It serves as an eye-opener on how globalization could affect our lives is we do not know how to respond to it. There are times when he jabs at the Bush administration, but in spite of that, the book is engaging to read. He is right to say that the global landscape has changed, largely thanks to technology and globalization. He is also right to say that the American education is lagging and that may cause the country to tumble as we go through the globalization era. Some may argue that Friedman has exaggerated the role of globalization in todays economy, especially among Americans but it only serves as a warning, an advice that if we dont get our acts together, the very same thread that pushes people together may very well be the strand that divides us. As Friedman ends his book, The world is flattened. I didnt start it and you cant stop it, except at a great cost to human development and your own future. But we can manage it, for better or for worse... You can flourish in this flat world, but it takes the right imagination and the right motivation (469). Let us ensure, as individuals of every color, manage it for better not just for our sake but for the next generation, as well. Work Cited Friedman, Thomas. The World is Flat: A Brief history of the Twenty-First Century. USA: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.

Free Essays on Natures Place In Literature

When Frederick Jackson Turner announced in 1893 that â€Å"the American character did not spring full-blown from the Mayflower,† but that â€Å"it came out of the forest and gained new strength each time it touched the frontier, â€Å"his speech punctuated nearly three centuries of examinations into the American wilderness. From Jamestown and Plymouth Plantation to the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the subsequent expedition of Lewis and Clark, to Turner’s â€Å"Frontier Thesis† at the Colombian Exposition of 1893, the geography and ecology of the American continent was the center of debate among Americans. Two primary views of the wilderness were contested: the wilderness either contained savagery and temptation which threatened the authority of the community or it represented a new Garden which could flourish with the proper cultivation by European settlers. Although these contradicting views of the wilderness shared the goal of establishing a civilization by removing obstacles presented by the natural environment, the state of wilderness that originally, characterized the young nation eventually became the source of natural pride and identity for America. William Bradford wrote about the first type of nature previously described . In his manuscript entitled â€Å"Of Plymouth Hardin 2 Plantation,† Bradford describes the Wilderness as something hideous and desolate. He and the other settlers he was traveling with are constantly being described as fighting the weather, Indians, and nature by the Grace of God. Bradford sees himself as a Moses figure. He is leading these people to the promised land. He believed God sent them to this land, and is constantly praising Him for delivering them from harm. Bradford states,† for summer being done, all things stand upon them with a weather beaten face, and the whole country full of woods and thickets, represented a wild and savage hue† (49). The land that th... Free Essays on Natures Place In Literature Free Essays on Natures Place In Literature When Frederick Jackson Turner announced in 1893 that â€Å"the American character did not spring full-blown from the Mayflower,† but that â€Å"it came out of the forest and gained new strength each time it touched the frontier, â€Å"his speech punctuated nearly three centuries of examinations into the American wilderness. From Jamestown and Plymouth Plantation to the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the subsequent expedition of Lewis and Clark, to Turner’s â€Å"Frontier Thesis† at the Colombian Exposition of 1893, the geography and ecology of the American continent was the center of debate among Americans. Two primary views of the wilderness were contested: the wilderness either contained savagery and temptation which threatened the authority of the community or it represented a new Garden which could flourish with the proper cultivation by European settlers. Although these contradicting views of the wilderness shared the goal of establishing a civilization by removing obstacles presented by the natural environment, the state of wilderness that originally, characterized the young nation eventually became the source of natural pride and identity for America. William Bradford wrote about the first type of nature previously described . In his manuscript entitled â€Å"Of Plymouth Hardin 2 Plantation,† Bradford describes the Wilderness as something hideous and desolate. He and the other settlers he was traveling with are constantly being described as fighting the weather, Indians, and nature by the Grace of God. Bradford sees himself as a Moses figure. He is leading these people to the promised land. He believed God sent them to this land, and is constantly praising Him for delivering them from harm. Bradford states,† for summer being done, all things stand upon them with a weather beaten face, and the whole country full of woods and thickets, represented a wild and savage hue† (49). The land that th...

Advantages of the current healthcare insurance in the US Essay

Advantages of the current healthcare insurance in the US - Essay Example Reports from Federal Budget and General Accounting Office of USA display the fact that if universal health care is implemented then there would be a saving of $100- $200 billion per year. This is a huge monetary benefit that country can secure for other vocations. The advantage was understood by the Canada government long back, in 1971 and they adopted single-payer system. People are much happy by adopting this system and they are contentedly enjoying peace of mind as they do not have to be bothered about their health and care facilities and are not willing to revert back to their old, US-kind of system. The government of Canada knows that in terms of economy they are lagging behind as compared to USA but by adopting universal health insurance they are saving a lot in terms of funds. It is essential to understand that by adopting universal health insurance, single payer universal health care cost would decrease due to diminution of administrative cost, as compared to the current US-system of health care facilities where individuals are paying around 50-100% more administrative charges, which is a remarkable loss of finances (Battista, McCabe, 1999). By adopting universal health care insurance enhanced management, monetary gains and ease can be accomplished. It is necessary for the citizens of US to have this understanding and also it is essential that government should make the people aware to dissolve their myths and wrong notions that they have created in their minds and should understand the benefits they will be provided with, for the sake and better prospects of the nation, as we never shop for health it is not a product, but people can enjoy the same kind of facilities at much lower cost. It is essential that government and NGOs must understand the benefits of health insurance and should create public awareness program through talks and discussions and

Character analysis of the book Crooked letter, crooked letter by Tom Essay

Character analysis of the book Crooked letter, crooked letter by Tom Franklin - Essay Example The novel, â€Å"Crooked Letter, Crooked Letter† can be considered as a literary piece catering the themes of a thriller. However, at the same plane, the novel is undoubtedly one of the powerful redemptive studies of characters which make it a psychological tale as well. This essay intends to explore the subtle intricacies of human character presented in the novel, â€Å"Crooked Letter, Crooked Letter† and therefore forms one of the best suitable and apt formative studies for the character analysis. At the outset of the novel, the readers are introduced to a masked man mysterious in nature committing various crimes. However, browsing through the pages of this crime thriller, any sensible mind would be easily able to judge the novel from a different realm as well. An undefined story of friendship lies at the centre of the novel which generates a different flavor for the novel. At this paradigm, the readers are introduced to two characters quite opposite to each other. The characters are Silas Jones, who was called â€Å"32† a name he got from his jersey in high school athlete team and the lonely, Larry Ott. He also receives a nickname but quite opposite to Jones. He receives the name of â€Å"Scary Larry† after the lineage of the boy with the disappearance of a girl whom she takes for a drive and a date. However, with the development of the novel, the characters conceived by Franklin appear to be quite credible characters with much impression from the real life and flawed by the pragmatic traits of mundane human nature. Larry Ott is a white from a lower-middle-class family and Silas Jones was a black boy who used to stay in a cabin at rent within the premises of the property owned by Larry’s father. Silas was a poor boy from a sole black mother. Their childhood was therefore marked by a total difference of socio-economic parameters and they used to hardly interact with

The freddie Gray story in the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The freddie Gray story in the media - Essay Example umerous journalists failing to maintain objectivity in order to unearth the facts in the case as present the story objectively as the discussion below portrays. The media plays an integral role in the society. Key among the primary roles of the media is agenda setting which in turn leads to the formulation of opinions. The media influences public opinion and the media in the United States played a role in enhancing the wave of violence and riots in Baltimore following Freddie Grey’s story. Objectivity lacked in the coverage of the story with the media including the CNN following a wave of narratives that could sell. The media for example began by propagating the story showing videos of Mr. Grey’s arrest and alleged maltreatment. Showing the videos was not a mistake. However, the media failed to play its watchdog role by exercising caution. They carried out extensive analysis of numerous other cases of African Americans who have died while in police custody thus making Mr. Grey a growth to the statistics. Such biased yet widespread coverage of the story enhanced the spread of a particular narrative that shows that the predominantly white police service in the country continues to target African American minority. This contributed to the outbreak of the riots in Baltimore. None of the numerous journalists cared to investigate the background of the various suspects who have died in police custody. Some were hardcore criminals and the police had issues to suspect Grey. After contributing to the outbreak of the riots in the city, the media adopted yet another skeptic position in their coverage of the story. Fox News anchors for example claimed that the city was under blockade by â€Å"thugs†. CNN on the other hand even assigned an African American reporter to cover the story claiming that he was safer and could blend in the mayhem. The media once again showed a lack luster attitude with no media attempting to investigate the history of police brutality in

Program for Bullying Awareness

Program for Bullying Awareness Dominique Bibbs Proposal Introduction Young Scholars with Voices (YSWV) is a non-profit organization founded in 2012 to prevent and raise the awareness of bullying amongst adolescent youth. YSWV provides services to victims, survivors and individuals affected incidents of bullying. YSWV is a community based organization offering support and meeting the needs of its addressed target population. YSWV offers one-on-one peer mentoring, prevention/awareness workshops and clubs and will hold poetry showcases in which the members of YSWV share their talents through poetry and spoken word to raise the awareness of bullying. The organization is needed in communities because there is a lack of awareness and knowledge of the incidents of bullying. Young Scholars with Voices will support victims, survivors and individuals of bullying, but also educate the bystanders and those who are unaware of the scope, causal factors of bullying and solutions to prevent and raise the awareness of bullying. Statement of Need The following arguments will document that bullying exist and is a problem and further provide explanation to why the YSWV program is needed. Bullying is becoming more widespread and relevant, effecting society today. There is an increase in the incidents of bullying amongst adolescents living in urban communities. Bullying is defined as an unwanted behavior that involves an imbalance of power (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). When bullying is thought of, it is thought to be an aggressive behavior against a weaker individual and according to the many definitions this it true. However, physical bullying is not the only type of bullying that exists. Different types of bullying include: physical and hazing, cyber and verbal and indirect and social alienation (Stop Bullying, Harassment and Violence, 2009). In the article How Our Society has manifested the bullying Epidemic? researcher Amy Weber argues that bullying is a multi-layered epidemic. She argues that bullying is like a disease that cultivates and feeds of off the bloodline of social acceptance, fueled by fear and pain so deep, it is subconscious (Weber, 2012). Furthermore, Weber states that the behavior is learned and it manifests form single or multiple sources where a child is listening and watching; children mirror back what they see, revealing the ugly truth of societys relentless intolerance and cruelty towards each other over the decades (Weber, 2012). In an article done in 2011 by the American College of Pediatricians bullying is typically directed at unique characteristics whether real or perceived by others of an individual such as: ethnicity or race, physical build or features of appearance that are unique and different, social or economic status, physical inabilities and disabilities, mental of scholastic abilities, speech quality or tone, sexual orientation or sexual activity and moral or religious beliefs (American College of Pediatricians, 2011). National statistics show that 28% of U.S. students in grades 6-12 have experienced bullying and 20% of U.S. students in grade 9-12 have experienced bullying. Furthermore, approximately 30% of young people admit to bullying others, 70.6% of young people have witnessed bullying in their schools and 70.4% of school staff has witnessed bullying. The following percentages show the various types of bullying experienced amongst U.S. middle school students: name calling (44.2%); teasing (43.3%); spreading rumors/lies (36.3%); pushing/shoving (32,4%); hitting, slapping or kicking (29.2%) and only about 20 to 30% of U.S. students who are bullied notify adults about bullying (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2012). Working directly with the target population bullying is witnessed and the causal factors vary for each individual. Some the causal factors include physical appearance, the target population bullies one another based on what is seen on the outside. Thing such as clothing, skin tone, weight, height, and even speech difficulties are reported causes for bullying by the target population. Additionally school is another cause, such as the lack of athletic ability, popularity and scholastic ability. Based on the target population survey How does bullying affect you? conducted for Lincoln University of PAs Masters of Human Services Program showed that 30% of the respondents surveyed believed that appearing to be different from others was the cause for bullying, only 20% of the respondents believe that bullying was caused by scholastic achievement and 50% of the respondents believed that bullying was caused by the victims appearing to be weaker. Furthermore, 60% f the respondents surveyed sai d they would participate in the act of bullying if it protected them from becoming a victim of bullying and only 40% of the respondents reported they would not participate in the act of bullying even if it did protect them from becoming a victim of bullying. Additionally previous pre/post test and participant satisfaction survey results have shown that YSWV is an effective program and has helped to raise the awareness of bullying and also offer solutions for bully prevention. Pre/post test scores have shown a 95% increase in participant knowledge of the topic being addressed. Furthermore, the participant satisfaction survey showed that the members of YSWV were not only satisfied with the services received but also expressed hopes of the program continuing. Project Goals and Objectives The following statements will explain the goals and objectives of YSWV that are expected to be accomplished and also discuss the S.M.A.R.T. objectives that have been formulated for YSWV. The ultimate goal of YSWV is to prevent and raise the awareness of bullying. YSWV is a system with several sub system components, the sub systems will work as objectives to meet the ultimate goal of preventing and raising the awareness of bullying. Furthermore, each sub system has its own goal and objectives. YSWV offers a one-on-one bully mentoring program and the goal of this component is to foster a confiding friendship, self-acceptance, understanding and confidence. Victims of bullying isolate themselves from socialization and do not have trusting individuals who they can come to about their experiences of bullying. Additionally, bullying causes victims to lack confidence and acceptance of themselves. The objective to meet the goal of the peer mentoring component is for all members to be matched with a trusting individual who will build self-acceptance, understanding and confidence through mentoring. Another sub system of YSWV is the workshops. The workshops will be for educational purposes only and the goal of every workshop is to raise the awareness of bullying by increasing the participants knowledge about the incidents of bullying. The objective to meet the goal of the workshop component is to construct fun learning by bring clear, concise and retainable information to the partici pants. YSWV also offers a speaking out club, which is a spoken word/poetry club. The goal of the poetry club is for the members to share their voice on the issue of bullying in spoken word or poetry form. The objective to meet the goal of the speaking out club is for members to use the knowledge gained from the workshops, their personal thoughts, feelings and experiences and write poems that will help to prevent and raise the awareness of bullying. The last component of YSWV is the poetry showcases. The goal of the poetry showcases is to bring the community together, prevent and raise the awareness of bullying. The objective to meet the goal of the poetry showcases is for the members to advocate positivity, members will use their poetry pieces as a tool for preventing and raising the awareness of bullying and the showcase will be used as a tool to bring the community together. The S.M.A.R.T. objective developed for YYWV states, In time for the annual quarter ceremony all members of YSWV will increase their knowledge about bullying by 90% from the utilization of peer mentoring, educational workshops and poetry clubs by showcasing their talents in a poetry showcase to prevent and raise the awareness of bullying. Project Logic Model The following session will explain the theory behind the logical model and the rational for the use of the model. The logical model is a planning tool used to clarify and graphically display what your project intends to do and what it hopes to accomplish and impact. A logical model summarizes key program elements, explains the rational behind the program activities, clarifies intended outcomes and provides a communication tool (National Network of Libraries of Medicine, 2012). The purpose of using a logical model for YSWV is to illustrate the sequence of events that identity the programs resources, match resources to needs, activate the service process, complete the service process and measure the program results which is displayed in the model below. This model allows the planner to see the rational flow of addressing the problem and applying process, while maintaining a focus on the purpose of the entire effort: preventing and raising the awareness of bullying. Project Description Project Resources and Budget The following section will discuss and explain the budget summary for YSWV, including all expenses and possible in-kind contributions. Budget Summary Item Agency Funds Student Funds Other Total Project Personnel (salaries, wages fringe benefits) $3,200.00 $1,700.00 $4,900.00 Consultants Contracted Services $1,000.00 $1,000.00 Supplies $1,500.00 $1,500.00 Equipment $300.00 $300.00 Space $1,000.00 $1,000.00 Travel $12.50 $12.50 Printing Photocopying $30.00 $30.00 Other $400.00 $400.00 Total Project Cost $9,192.50 Budget Detail Item Total Personnel: 4 Group Facilitators (30 hours @ $20.00 per hour) 4 Consultants (4 days @ $250.00 per day) 4 Lecturers (4 hours @ $50.00 per hour) 10 peer volunteers (10 $50.00 gift cards) 1 DJ (1.5 hours @ $200.00) Subtotal: $2,400.00 $1,000.00 $800.00 $500.00 $200.00 $4,900.00 Supplies, Technology Equipment: Office, writing art supplies 4 Laptops, all-in-one printer 1 LCD projector Microphone system Subtotal: $300.00 $1,200.00 $200.00 $100.00 $1,800.00 Space: 10 sessions (2 hours @ $50.00 per hour) Subtotal : $1,000.00 $1,000.00 Travel: 25 miles @ $.50 per mile Subtotal: $12. 50 $12.50 Printing Copying: 1000 copies @ $.03 per copy Subtotal: $30.00 $30.00 Other: Poetry showcase decorations/refreshments Refreshments (10 sessions @ $25.00 per session) Subtotal: $150.00 $250.00 $400.00 Total Project Cost: $9,192.50 Budget Narrative Personnel: The personnel costs include the cost of four group facilitators (three hours, once a week for ten weeks) who are employees of the agency and four additional consultants (four days an hour per consultant). Additionally, the program will require ten peer volunteers (three hours, once a week for ten weeks) and a DJ (1.5 hours) for the YSWV annual poetry showcase. The personnel cost will be absorbed by the agency as the project will happen on agency time and the consultants will donate their services in-kind. Supplies, Technology Equipment: Office supplies will include copy paper for the photo copying of flyers for promotion of the poetry showcase. Each participant will receive writing supplies; this will include one, one-subject note book, four pens and four mechanical pencils. The art supplies will include crayons, markers, color pencils and construction paper that will be used by the members to design and create additional flyers for promotion of the poetry showcase. The office, writing and art supplies estimated cost will be in-kind donations from local businesses. The programs workshops will require one LCD project four laptops will be required for each group to allow the members of YSWV to complete research for the project during meeting times and an all-in-one printer. The technology equipment will be barrowed in-kind donations from the agency as the project will happen on agency time. Space: The program will require the use the facilities classrooms (four) for the group sessions and auditorium for the poetry showcase. The cost is base agencys normal rental rate. Travel: The consultants will use their own personal vehicle to travel to the program for the workshops. The estimated cost is based on the mileage reimbursement rate used by the agency; the consultants will be given a maximum of 15 miles at $0.50 per mile. Printing Copying: The printing and photocopying estimated cost will be donated in-kind by local businesses. Other: Decoration and refreshments for the poetry will be in-kind donations from local businesses. Refreshments for each session will be provided by the agency, the estimated cost is $25.00 per session. Total: The total expenses associated with implementing this project is $9,192.50. Program Time Frame and Gantt Chart The following section will explain the project activities and the timing of the activities being implemented for YSWV. The charts being used in this section will be a Work Plan and Ganntt Chart. Work Plan for YSWV Steps To Be Taken Who Is Responsible Start Date Completion Date Required Resources Constraints, Anticipated Obstacles Proposed Counter-Measures For Anticipated Obstacles Choose the focus of the project D. Bibbs 08/29/13 9/02/13 Project Proposal Plan First project option not being accepted Revise Project Proposal Plan Recruit coalition members D. Bibbs 09/02/13 09/04/13 Project Plan, Needs Assessment Report, Agency Employees Conflicting schedules Reschedule and secure a fit meeting time for all coalition members Design the project D. Bibbs, Coalition Members 09/09/13 09/13/13 Coalition Members Experience and Expertise Conflicting scheduling Reschedule and secure a meeting time for all coalition members, gathering outside information Secure the approval of project from a facility D. Bibbs, Coalition Members 09/16/13 10/16/13 Project Plan, Needs Assessment Report Non-inclusive Project Plan, Needs Assessment Report Revise Project Plan, Re-conduct Key Informant Surveys/Interviews Launch the project D. Bibbs, Coalition Members 09/18/13 09/18/13 Dixon House Agency size Adjust the size of project participants Develop an evaluation tool for the project D. Bibbs 11/04/11 11/06/13 Personal computer, Needs Assessment Report A lack of data to facilitate a solution Key Informant Surveys/Interviews, Literature Review Evaluate the project/ Complete Evaluation Report D. Bibbs 11/06/13 11/11/13 Project Report The sampling frame may not produce proper information to evaluate the project Use a different sampling frame Submit evaluation report to project manager D. Bibbs 11/13/13 11/13/13 Dixon House Project mat be declined Re-evaluate program and resubmit Stabilize or terminate project D. Bibbs 11/20/13 11/20/13 Dixon House Ganntt Chart for YSWV Activities Dates 09/01/13 09/20/13 10/01/13 10/20/13 11/01/13 11/20/13 Develop a coalition team Sep. 2th, 2013 Sep. 4th, 2013 Present and design project Sep. 9th, 2013 Sep. 13th, 2013 Present findings to an agency Sep. 16th, 2013 Program Implementation Sep. 18th, 2013 Sep.25th, 2013 Oct. 2nd, 2013 Oct. 9th, 2013 Oct. 16, 2013 Oct. 23rd, 2013 Oct. 30th, 2013 Nov. 6th, 2013 Nov. 13th, 2013 Formulate and submit written evaluation report Nov.6th, 2013 Nov. 13th, 2013 Project Monitoring and Evaluation Plans and Measures The following section will explain the methods that will be used in the evaluation of the proposed program YSWV and the difference and purpose of qualitative data and quantitative data. There are several types of evaluation designs. These designs include experimental, quasi-experimental and non-experimental. The non-experimental design will be used in the evaluation of the bully prevention and awareness program, YSWV (Young Scholars With Voices).Non-experimental designs do not involve random assignment of subjects to groups, nor is there a control or comparison group. Non-experimental designs do not have comparison groups. They are used to assess the programs impact. Non-experimental designs can be used for process evaluations when the primary purpose is to describe participants experiences (Kantor and Kendall-Tackett, 2000). The types of non-experimental designs used in the evaluation of YSWV were pre/post tests and participant satisfaction surveys. The pre/post test will measure the knowledge of the participants. The pre test measures the knowledge before the participation in YSWV. The post test measures the knowledge gained after participating in YSWV. In the end the results of each test is compared to see if the participates knowledge increased and the program was effective. The participant satisfaction surveys will measure the levels of satisfactory delivered to the members of YSWV.The pre/post test is a summative evaluation method. The focus of summative evaluation is the outcome. Outcome evaluation relates to the effect of intervention and whether the project achieved its goals. Outcome evaluations assess the effectiveness of a program in producing change. Outcome evaluations focus on difficult questions that ask what happened to program participants and how much of a difference the program made for them (Linnell, 2012). The participant satisfaction survey is a formative evaluation method. Formative evaluation is a method for judging the worth of a program while the program activities are forming and summative evaluation is a method of judging the worth of a program at the end of the program activities (Clark, 2010). Formative evaluation focuses on process. Process evaluation measure relates to methods or activities and explains how and why the results were achieved. Process evaluations document the process of a programs implementation. The focus of a process evaluation is on the types and quantities of services delivered, the beneficiaries of those services, the resources used to deliver the services, the practical problems encountered, and the ways such problems were resolved (Linnell, 2012). Qualitative data gathers information that is not in numerical form. For example, diary accounts, open-ended questionnaires, unstructured interviews and unstructured observations (Mcleod, 2008). Qualitative data is useful for studies at the individual level and to find out in depth the way people think or feel. Analysis of qualitative data is difficult and requires accurate description of participant responses for example, sorting responses to open questions and interviews into broad themes. Qualitative data is typically descriptive data is harder to analyze than quantitative data. Quantitative data gathers information in numerical form which can be put into categories, or in rank order, or measured in units of measurement. This type of data can be used to construct graphs and tables of raw data (Mcleod, 2008). For example, a rating scale or closed questions on a questionnaire would generate quantitative data as these produce either numerical data or data that can be put into categori es. Conclusion Reference(s)   Ã‚   U.S department of health and human services (2001). What is bullying. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/index.html Stop bullying, harassment, and violence (2009). Female bullying. Retrieved from www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/female-bullying.html Weber, A. (2012, may 27). How our society has manifested the bullying epidemic . Retrieved from http://www.huffinftonpost.com/amy-weber/how-our-society-has-mani_b_1548368.html American college of pediatricians. Bullying at school: never acceptable (2011). Retrieved from: http://www.factsaboutyouth.com/post/bullyingat-school-never-acceptable U.S department of health and human services (2012). Facts about bullying. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/news/media/facts#ftn16 Kantor, K.G. and Kendall-Tackett, K. (2000). A guide family intervention and prevention program evaluation. Retrieved from: http://www1.cyfernet.org/eval/family/default.html Linnell, D. (2012). Demystifying evaluation: process evaluation vs. outcome evaluation. Retrieved from: http://www.tsne.org/site/c.ghLUK3PCLoF/b.8023393/k.47B3/Articles__Demystifying_Evaluation_Process_Evaluation_vs_Outcome_Evaluation_for_Nonprofits.htm Clark, D. (2010). Formative and summative evaluations in the instructional design process. Retrieved from: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/isd/types_of_evaluations.html Mcleod, S. (2008). Qualitative Quantitative. Retrieved from: http://www.simplypsychology.org/qualitative-quantitative.html Appendices Evaluation Data Collection Instruments: Method I Pre/Post Test The following test will be used as a data collection instrument to evaluate the knowledge gained from the bully prevention and awareness program YSWV (Young Scholars With Voices). The test will be given in a two part series. The Pre-Test is series one and will test the participants knowledge on bully prevention and awareness. The Pre-Test will be given during the first two weeks of programming. The Post-Test is series two and will test the participants knowledge gained from YSWV. Both tests will consist of the same questions and there is no right or wrong answer. The information collected from the test will be used as a form of research to construct a final project and presentation for Lincoln Universitys Master of Human Service academic program. The test is anonymous and will not effect or penalize any youth participating in YSWV, so I ask that you answer each question honestly to the best of your ability. Thank you for you participation in YSWV and also for you time. Dominique Bibbs Please circle one of the following options: Pre-Test - Post-Test In your own words, please define bullying? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In your own words, what do you think causes bullying? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In your own words, what do you think will prevent bullying? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How can being a member of YSWV raise the awareness of bullying? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If you witness bullying who should you report it to? Please choose all that apply School faculty and Staff (teachers, principle, school police, ect.) Parent/guardian Friend(s) All of the above None of the above If nothing is being done about the incidents of bullying you are witnessing, should you keep reporting the incidents?

Hatchet :: essays research papers

Hatchet I chose this book because I thought it would be very interesting. I read the back cover and picked out the book because I thought I would like it. The main character in this story is Brian, who went through a plane crash and had to survive on his own for fifty-four days. The character I liked the best was Brian because he is brave, smart, and never gives up. Hatchet is about a boy named Brian Robeson. His parents are separated and live in different parts of the continent. Brian is on his way to live with his father for the summer, when the pilot of the two person plane has a heart attack. Brian keeps the plane up until it runs out of gas, and then he aims for a lake that he can glide into. As soon as they hit the lake, Brian has to swim to the surface before he drowns, leaving the dead pilot in his seat belt. All Brian has is the clothes and a hatchet his mother gave him. While stranded somewhere in Canada, Brian learned how to make a fire, which kept mosquitos away. He builds a spear for fish, and a bow and arrow for hunting birds. He lives in a cave, and does pretty well. After a while, he gets trampled by a crazy moose, and hurts his ribs. In the same day, he gets hit by a tornado. After a while he is better and decides to go look for the survival kit inside the airplane. It takes him all day, and exhausts him, but he finally does it. Inside it there are tons of riches. There is a rifle, but he doesn't like it because it takes him away from all he has learned. There is also almost a years supply of dehydrated food. Last, there is an emergency contact mechanism, and without knowing it, Brian turns it on andleaves it on. When he turned on the mechanism, someone came and found him, and took him back to his family.

Mining Industry Overview

Mining? Industry? Overview? Boyi? Xie? March? 5,? 2012? Michael? Porter’s? Five? Forces? Outline? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? Products? Suppliers/Customers? Industry? Compe? tors? Cost? Revenue? &? pro? t? Overall? trends? Other? factors? Products? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? Aluminum? Copper? Lead? Zinc? Gold? Silver? Uranium? oxide? Diamonds? Stainless? Steel? Materials? Iron? Ore? Coal? Aluminum? Zinc? Copper? Gold? Iron? ore? Diamond? Marketing? &? Customers? †¢? Marke? ng? centers? of? mining? companies? †¢? Sell? products? at? the? most? advantageous? price? to? make? the? most? of? their? intrinsic? value? ? Act? as? a? source? of? specialist? exper? se? †¢? Iden? fy? value? opportuni? es? †¢? Customer? service:? †¢? Technical? assistance? †¢? Transporta? on,? e. g.? BHP? Shipping,? Rio? Tinto? Marine? †¢? Customers? †¢? Jewel ry? makers.? E. g.? gold,? silver? and? diamonds? †¢? Manufacturing/construc? on? companies.? †¢? E. g? Hyundai? Steel? †¢? Government? †¢? Other? retailers? BHP? Billiton? †¢? BHP? Billiton? is? a? global? mining,? oil? and? gas? company? headquartered? in? Melbourne,? Australia? and? with? a? major? management? o? ce? in? London,? UK.? It? is? the? world’s? largest? mining? company? measured? by? evenue.? †¢? BHP? Billiton? was? created? in? 2001? through? the? merger? of? the? Australian? Broken? Hill? Proprietary? Company? Limited? (BHP)? and? the? Anglo? Dutch? Billiton? plc.? (Billiton? origins? stretch? back? to? 1860)? †¢? It? is? now? a? dual? listed? company? in? Australian? Securi? es? Exchange? and? London? Stock? Exchange.? †¢? It? operates? a? wide? variety? of? mining? and? processing? opera? ons? in? 25? countries,? employing? approximately? 41,000? people.? †¢? It? has? opera? ons? on:? aluminum,? diamonds,? iron? ore,? petroleum,? stainless? steel,? uranium,? etc.? †¢? Mines? in:? Algeria,?Australia,? Brazil,? Canada,? South? Africa,? USA? Rio? Tinto? †¢? Rio? Tinto,? now? headquartered? in? London,? UK? (and? Brisbane,? Australia),? was? founded? in? 1873,? when? a? mul? na? onal? consor? um? of? investors? purchased? a? mine? complex? on? the? Rio? Tinto? river,? in? Huelva,? Spain.? †¢? It? is? now? a? dual? listed? company? in? Australian? Securi? es? Exchange? and? London? Stock? Exchange.? †¢? It? is? one? the? world? leaders? in? the? produc? on? of? aluminum,? iron? ore,? copper,? uranium,? coal? and? diamonds.? †¢? It? also? has? signi? cant? opera? ons? in? re? ning,? par? cularly? for? e? ning? bauxite? and? iron? ore.? †¢? It? has? opera? ons? on? six? con? nents? but? is? mainly? concentrated? in? Australia? and? Canada.? Vale? †¢? Vale? is? a? Brazilian? mul? na? onal? diversi? ed? metals? and? mining? corpora? on? and? one? of? the? largest? logis? cs? operators? in? Brazil.? †¢? It’s? the? largest? producers? of? iron? ore,? pellets,? and? second? largest? nickel;? other? products? include? manganese,? ferroalloys,? copper,? bauxite,? aluminum.? †¢? It’s? listed? on? stock? exchanges? of? Sao? Paulo,? New? York,? Paris,? Hong? Kong? and? Madrid.? †¢? It’s? also? the? corpora? on? with? the? ost? â€Å"contempt? for? the? environment? and? human? rights†? and? was? named? world’s? most? evil? company.? @8+8+&%*1(9'+8$)%#'. $%*1+08+2$,%01%1209$/31/(%0#$% 1. $/'44%(‘/;$06%')%*1+)2($/%)$*01/)%,$9$+,'+0%1+% ,$(‘+,%3/1(%,$. $419$,%$*1+1(8$)%)0/2&&4$,%01% /$*1. $/:%A#84$%0#$%8+,2)0/5%? ‘)%#80%#'/,%75%0#$%&417'4% *†. â€Å"3!. ,)3'! %! %8)7! â€Å"! â€Å"2)3174. â€Å"! +%)0. 9+),+#)&0+)'+&$'†) ‘+,%&1+$%7$51+,:% Global? Indices? Global indices (February 1989=1) 9 †¢? Mining? companies? have? con? nued? to? outperform? the? overall? market.? †¢? While? the? industry? was? hit? hard? by? the? global nancial? crisis,? mining? ompanies? have? led? the? return? and? gone? beyond. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Dow Jones FTSE HSBC Global Mining Index Source: Bloomberg. BCDC%)'? %/$'4%0$+)81+%8+%0#$%(‘/;$0%')%&/1? 0#% /$712+,$,6%133)$0%75%'%+2(7$/%13%8+*8,$+0)%0#'0%;$90% Global? Indices? â€Å"#$%&'(#)*+)*,-. %)/0 -. $/%0#$%*12/)$%13%0#$%4†²)0%5$'/6%&417'4%$*1+1(8*%'+,% 914808*'4%0/$+,)%#'. $%*#'+&$,%0#$%8+,2)0/5:%†#$%(8+8+&% !†#$%&'()*†#%)! &%+,-)! â€Å"). )†+/)+'. ). â€Å"#)&0+'+)! %)†1)&$'†! â€Å"2) 7'*;:%$*081+)%? #84$%)29945%/$(‘8+)%*1+)0/'8+$,6% ?80#%*#'44$+&$)%)2*#%')%,$*48+8+&%&/',$%'+,%(1/$% $(10$%41*'081+):%†#$%*1)0%*2/. $%#')%)#830$,%296% *1+08+28+&%01%920%9/$))2/$%1+%0#$%8+,2)0/5%01%(‘8+0'8+% *†. â€Å"3!. ,)#! %3! 4,! â€Å"+5)6+/)4,. (+'%). ‘+)+7+'2! â€Å"2).  "#)&0+) 8+,2)0/5%8)%/$*$8. 8+&%(1/$%'00$+081+%3/1(%80)%(‘+5%'+,% .'/8$,%)0†²;$#14,$/):%! â€Å"#$%&'#$†&($)†&*%#+%8+%0#$%(8+8+&% 8+,2)0/5: †¢? Emerging? countries? con? nued? to? storm? ahead,? with? demand? for? resources? driven? by? strong? GDP? growth,? including? close? to? 10%? growth? in? China. †¢? Mining? market? capitaliza? on? con? nued? to? rebound? in? 2010,? with? many? players? recovering? the? remaining? market? capitaliza? on? lost? uring? the? global nancial? crisis? and? surpassing? the? level? seen? at? the? end? of? 2007.? 1%#/+)*,-(%,2#3 @8+8+&%*1(9'+8$)%#'. $%*1+08+2$,%01%1209$/31/(%0#$% 1. $/'44%(‘/;$06%')%*1+)2($/%)$*01/)%,$9$+,'+0%1+% ,$(‘+,%3/1(%,$. $419$,%$*1+1(8$)%)0/2&&4$,%01% /$*1. $/:%A#84$%0#$%8+,2)0/5%? ‘)%#80%#'/,%75%0#$%&417'4% *†. â€Å"3!. ,)3'! %! %8)7! â€Å"! â€Å"2)3174. â€Å"! +%)0. 9+),+#)&0+)'+&$'†) ‘+,%&1+$%7$51+,:% †¢? The? total? year? end? market? capital iza? on? of? the? top? 40? companies? increased? by? 26%,? with? larger? gains? generally? achieved? by? the? smaller? companies. Global indices (February 1989=1) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Dow Jones FTSE HSBC Global Mining Index Source: Bloomberg. BCDC%)'? %/$'4%0$+)81+%8+%0#$%(‘/;$0%')%&/1? 0#% /$712+,$,6%133)$0%75%'%+2(7$/%13%8+*8,$+0)%0#'0%;$90% *'2081+%'+,%/8);%1+%0#$%'&$+,':%? @? ‘. /$! 3# 3/&+030. 3.! 3#$! A $'$/%0* 3/&+030. A. /,+B! $ Top 40 TS 100 250% 50 Coal India PotashCorp Barrick Gold FreeportMcMoRan Anglo American Xstrata China Shenhua 0 Rio Tinto 200% Vale †¢? The? big? get? bigger.? They? are? also? diversifying? in? other? direc? ons.? For? instance,? some? have? begun? exploring? the? bene? ts? f? ver? cal? integra? on? in? an? anempt? to? control? the? en? re? commodity? value? chain? –? from? coal? mining? to? steel? produc? on? to? power? genera? on.? 150 BHP Billiton †¢? New? entra nt:? Coal? India.? Following? its? IPO? in? October? 2010,? it’s? the? largest? new? entrant.? 5$&/! â€Å". 3 (#. A(! ‘ 3#$! ($)3 150% 100% 2009 2010 Source: Capital IQ. Note:? EBITDA:? earnings? before? interests,? taxes,? deprecia? on,? and? amor? za? on? 9%. #1:. %&7%2;-201$? @?! &! (3&*+!. 23! 5$&/! -. /! 3#$! ‘0*0*%! 0*+2(3/57! R)/. ((! 3#$! â€Å". 1! G?! 3#$/$! A&(! &! 50% 0% Source: B â€Å"#$%&'($)%*+,-)&%&. $(%-‘. -. 0+&%1232%4$%)'4%5#$%567%5#/$$%(0+$/)%89:;%90)&G#'H& 9##? â€Å"@)*+†A. +6;),†*5(â€Å"*88/)8*0)†A*+6),† were? announced? during? the? ;B†*5(â€Å"=CB†1481)/†01*5†³01)†9/,0†³1*+#>? â€Å"D5†³*5† â€Å"(2/. &$%2([email  protected]&. /%†&0#†1'/2&%). &%**3/*%;/&0%†1/2&? /3/& ?rst? half? of? 2011.? .&7B(*C/3&;C%)&7858&%). &577B&%). (* C/3& ;;'? â€Å"E. â€Å"F60†³014,†450. â€Å"F)/,F)704A)$†7. 5,4()/†01*0† â₠¬ ¢? Deals? volumes? and? aggregate? â€Å"(2/. &0#†1'/2&'%>/&7855&;C/&$12(/2;&4/%3&#E&+,-&()&;C/& â€Å". >&JK? † values? were? 10%? and? 25%? 1 80 ,000 3,000 Announced Date Target Target Description Target Headquarters Transaction Value (millions) Target ResourceType !$%%#&'(#%$#)*'+,*#-. /. /0#12,*3 2011? 1H? Top? 10? Global? Mining? Deals Acquirer 01/28/2011 Massey Energy Corporation Massey Energy Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, A. T. Massey Coal Company, Inc. , produces, processes, and sells bituminous coal primarily in the United States. United States US$8,500 Coal Alpha Natural Resources, Incorporated 04/24/2011 Equinox Minerals Limited Equinox Minerals Limited engages in the mining and exploration of mineral properties. Australia C$7,300 Copper Barrick Gold Corporation Announced 01/11/2011 Date Target Consolidated Thompson Iron Mines Limited Target DescriptionConsolidated Thompson Iron Mines Limited, a mining company, engages in the exploration an d development of mineral properties in Canada. Target Canada Headquarters Transaction C$4,900 Value (millions) Target Steel Resource Type Acquirer Cliffs Natural Resources Incorporated 05/02/2011 01/28/2011 US$3,400 US$8,500 Coal Coal Kazakhstan US$3,200 Zinc 04/24/2011 Equinox Minerals Limited Australia C$7,300 Copper 06/10/2011 01/11/2011 PT Bumi Resources Consolidated Thompson Minerals Tbk Iron Mines Limited International Coal Group, Inc. produces coal in northern and central Massey Energy Company, through States. owned subsidiary, A.T. Massey Appalachian regions of the United its wholly Coal Company, Inc. , produces, processes, and sells bituminous coal primarily iKazzinc JSC States. produces zinc with copper, precious metals, and lead n the United primarily credits in Kazakhstan. Equinox Minerals Limited engages in the mining and exploration of mineral properties. PT Bumi Resources Minerals Tbk, through its subsidiaries, engages in the Consolidated Thompson Iron Mines Limited, a mining Indonesia and in west exploration and development of mineral properties in company, engages in the exploration and development of mineral properties in Canada.Africa. United States United States 04/14/2011 International Coal Group, Massey Energy Incorporated Corporation KazzInc Indonesia Canada US$2,100 C$4,900 Diversi? ed Steel and Metals Mining 02/03/2011 05/02/2011 Fronteer Gold International Coal Group, Incorporated Incorporated Fronteer Gold Inc. engages in the acquisition, exploration, and development of International Coalproperties in producesthe United States, and Turkey. mineral resource Group, Inc. Canada, coal in northern and central Appalachian regions of the United States. Canada United StatesC$2,300 US$3,400 Gold Coal Arch Coal Alpha Natural Incorporated Resources, IGlencore ncorporated International p Barrick Gold Corporation Bumi plc Cliffs Natural Resources Incorporated Newmont Min Arch Coal Corporation Incorporated 04/14/2011 03/02/2011 KazzInc Companhia B rasileira de Metalurgia e Mineracao Kazzinc JSCBrasileira de Metalurgia ewith copper,engages in the extraction, Companhia primarily produces zinc Mineracao precious metals, and lead credits in Kazakhstan. processing, manufacture, and marketing of niobium-based products. Kazakhstan BrazilUS$3,200 US$1,950 Zinc Diversi? ed Metals and Mining 06/10/2011 PT Bumi Resources Minerals Tbk PT Bumi Resources Minerals Tbk, through its subsidiaries, engages in the exploration and development of mineral properties in Indonesia and in west Africa. Indonesia US$2,100 Diversi? ed Metals and Mining 02/03/2011 Fronteer Gold Incorporated Fronteer Gold Inc. engages in the acquisition, exploration, and development of mineral resource properties in Canada, the United States, and Turkey. Canada C$2,300 Gold 03/02/2011 Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e MineracaoCompanhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineracao engages in the extraction, processing, manufacture, and marketing of niobium-based products. Brazi l US$1,950 Diversi? ed Metals and Mining 06/22/2011 Vale Fertilizantes SA Vale Fertilizantes S. A. produces and supplies phosphate- and nitrogen- based inputs for the production of fertilisers and inputs for chemical companies in Brazil. Brazil US$1,390 Fertilisers and Agricultural Chemicals POSCO, Sojit Corporation, N Steel Corpora Holdings Inco Vale S. A. The Japan Oil and Metals Na Corporation & Pension Servi 06/15/2011 Drummond Company, Inc. Colombian Mining Operations and Related Infrastructure Drummond Companys, Colombian Mining Operations and Related Infrastructure comprises coal exploration properties with probable reserves of about 2 billion net tons. Colombia US$1,524 Coal Itochu Corpor 06/22/2011 Vale Fertilizantes SA Vale Fertilizantes S. A. produces and supplies phosphate- and nitrogen- based inputs for the production of fertilisers and inputs for chemical companies in Brazil. Brazil US$1,390 Fertilisers and Agricultural Vale S. A. Glencore Sojit POSCO, ICorporation, p nternational Steel Corpora Holdings Bumi plc IncoThe Japan Oi and Metals N Corporation & Pension Serv Newmont Min Corporation 2011? 1H? Top? 10? Global? Mining? Deals et ource Acquirer Acquirer Description Acquirer Headquarters Transaction Status (as at August 8, 2011) l Alpha Natural Resources, Incorporated Alpha Natural Resources, together with its subsidiaries, engages in the production, processing, and sale of coal in the United States. United States Closed per Barrick Gold Corporation Barrick Gold Corporation engages in the production and sale of gold, as well as related activities, such as exploration and mine development.Canada Closed l Cliffs Natural Resources Incorporated Cliffs Natural Resources, a mining and natural resources company, produces iron ore pellets, lump and ? nes iron ore, and metallurgical coal products. United States Closed l Arch Coal Incorporated Arch Coal engages in the production and sale of steam and metallurgical coal from surface and underground mine s located throughout the United States. United States Closed Glencore International plc Glencore International plc, together with its subsidiaries, engages in producing, sourcing, processing, re? ning, transporting, storing, ? ancing, and supplying commodities to industries worldwide. Switzerland Announced Bumi plc Bumi plc, through its subsidiaries, engages in the exploration, mining, and processing of coal and other minerals in Indonesia and West Africa. United Kingdom Announced Newmont Mining Corporation Newmont Mining, together with its subsidiaries, engages in the acquisition, exploration, and production of gold and copper properties. United States Closed POSCO, Sojitz Corporation, Nippon Steel Corporation, JFE Holdings Incorporated, The Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation & National Pension ServiceJFE Holdings, Inc. , through its subsidiaries, engages in steel and engineering operations in Japan. JFE Holdings Inc. : Japan Announced National Pension Service is a pens ion fund manager. National Pension Service: South Korea rsi? ed als and ng rsi? ed als and ng Nippon Steel Corporation, through its subsidiaries, engages in the manufacture and sale of steel and related products in Japan and internationally. Nippon Steel Corp. : Japan POSCO: South Korea Sojitz Corporation operates as a general trading company worldwide. Sojitz Corporation: Japan Japan oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation provides ? ancial assistance, technology development, technical support, stockpiling, gathering/providing information, mine pollution control, and overseas ? eld survey services in Japan. ilisers POSCO engages in the manufacture and sale of steel products in South Korea and internationally. The Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation: Japan Vale S. A. Vale S. A. engages in the exploration, production, and sale of basic metals in Brazil. Brazil Announced Itochu Corporation ITOCHU Corporation operates as a general trading company primarily in Japan and inte rnationally. Japan Announced

Cognates of Cognition

Cognates of Cognition Cognates of Cognition Cognates of Cognition By Mark Nichol Cognition is the use of mental processes such as learning, remembering, thinking, and understanding. It stems from the Latin verb cognoscere, meaning â€Å"become acquainted with.† Not every word with the letter string â€Å"c-o-g† is related, but quite a few are. Details about cognition’s cognates follow. But first, a look at the construction of the words. The syllable cog isn’t the basis of terms related to knowing and thinking; cognoscere consists of co- and gnoscere; that word means â€Å"come to know.† Know itself is cognate with gnoscere and the Greek verb gignÃ… skein- the basis of gnome, best known as the name of a subterranean dwarflike creature in folklore but also a synonym for maxim, and gnosis, a word referring to spiritual knowledge that is also the root of prognosis (literally, â€Å"foreknowledge†) and diagnosis, meaning â€Å"identification† or â€Å"analysis.† Cognate itself is not cognate with cognition: It means â€Å"related,† and stems from the Latin word nasci, meaning â€Å"to be born,† and is cognate with nascent (and native). Nor is cognomen, which means â€Å"nickname† or â€Å"additional name† and derives from the Latin noun nomen, meaning â€Å"name.† Interestingly, cogent, meaning â€Å"necessary† or â€Å"urgent,† and especially its cognate cogitation, which means â€Å"intent thought,† are also unrelated to cognition; they derive respectively from the Latin verb agere, meaning â€Å"drive,† and its frequentative (repeated or recurrent) form agitare, which is also the origin of agitate. Another word with a distinct etymology is cog, referring to a tooth on a wheel in a gear mechanism and probably borrowed from a Scandinavian language. Words in the cognoscere family in English include recognition (literally, â€Å"knowing again†) and precognition (literally, â€Å"knowing before†); the latter was the unusual ability of the Precogs in Steven Spielberg’s film Minority Report and the Philip K. Dick short story on which it is (loosely) based. Two other words that are related- unexpectedly so- are reconnaissance (â€Å"military survey†) and that word’s verb form, reconnoiter, both adopted from French but ultimately stemming from recognoscere, the Latin origin of recognize. Other relatives are cognizance (â€Å"awareness,† â€Å"acknowledgment,† or â€Å"responsibility†) and recognizance, derived from an earlier sense of reconnaissance (â€Å"acknowledgment†) and used in legal contexts in phrases such as â€Å"released on his own recognizance† to indicate that someone recognizes his obligation to appear in court at a later date. Connoisseur (â€Å"expert†), from French, and its Italian cousin cognoscente (which in English developed a separate sense of â€Å"someone in the know†) are also related, as are incognito (â€Å"unknown,† from Italian and referring to being in disguise or anonymous or using a false name) and â€Å"terra incognita† (literally, â€Å"unknown land†), taken directly from Latin. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor3 Types of Headings10 Terms for the Common People

Essay Sample on Edgar Allan Poe and His Art Works

Essay Sample on Edgar Allan Poe and His Art Works The last years of his life were nothing but a miserable picture of despair, hopes, which burst out from time to time, short – time crushes, flushes of alcoholism, constant changes of accommodation. He declaims his â€Å"Eureka† in bars in Richmond. He drastically seeks hand in marriage with Sarah Helen Whitman, â€Å"Helen of thousand dreams† in Providence. He makes an attempt to commit a suicide in Boston. In Norfolk and other cities he gives lectures on â€Å"The poetic principle†. Autumn 1849 – he is again in Richmond, desperately looking for money to establish journal. After that he is going to Baltimore. This is a place, where he will be found on the third of October near the electoral district. In four days he will pass away. There will be nine people present at his funeral†¦ Edgar Allan Poe’s biography is full of dramatic events and feelings. A man, who loses his parents in the age of 3, a man, who breaks off an engagement with his Richmond beloved (Regan, R, 2005), a man, who loses financial support from his relatives and takes a decision to go to the army is a man, who creates a fabulous world of sophisticated poetry, a mysterious detective story and a laconic, deep, touching short story. Poetry always appears as something intimate and personal, it is the highest level of literal creating not only in terms of the content, but also in terms of the formal aspect, which actually determines the harmony of the creation itself, its originality and its level of â€Å"sophistication†, so to speak. Poe’s poetry is exceptionally touching and heartfelt, for it is saturated with the author’s conception of poetry and its mission: there is nothing more sophisticated and high-toned than the poem itself, a poem, which is nothing else but a poem, a poem, which is written for the poem. A poem is not only a linguistic reflection of the poetic feeling, but also one of the most delicate means to evoke the same poetic feeling in others. Still Poe didn’t have an opportunity to give his all to his â€Å"passion† – poetry. His poetic heritage is rather poor. The late lyrics by Poe didn’t get any brand-new qualities. The diapason of poetic topics is also rather narrow and traditional: love, loss of the beloved, the ideal’s inaccessibility, the fluidity and mortality of all existing in the world, impossibility to express secret thoughts with words. Regarding romantic imagination as something high – souled and exquisite, he still realizes, that it has not only its limits, but also has a quality of running down. Thus, he pays great attention to the formal aspect of the poem, to its structure, music, rhythmic image of beauty, melody – this is his professional, technical and theoretical definition of poetry. The Poe’s poem doesn’t actually operate with the idea of plot. The best pieces of his poetry do have a strenuous inner dynamic, as a classical example one should take the â€Å"Raven†. Eighteen verses of the poem express a gradual, dramatic realization of the hero’s loss, of despair and pain. Raven becomes a symbol of this pain and grief – â€Å"Nevermore†¦Ã¢â‚¬  his constant caw creates a depressing soundtrack to human mourning. Poe has worked out a complex of methods, which underlain the basis of detective stories. Though, the author â€Å"didn’t contribute much to the construction or the content of the detective story† (Stern, P, 1957, p. 26 ), he gave an impulse to develop the genre of the detective novel – Arthur Conan Doyle, Agatha Christie, Hammet, Simenon and their heroes came out, so to speak, of Poe’s detective. Poe’s stories are logically structured, one will not find there neither scenes of violence nor atmosphere of cruelty. Among Poe’s masterpieces, â€Å"The fall of the house of Usher† and â€Å"William Wilson† should be specially remarked for the author’s portrait and psychological skill to depict a deep character with morbid sensitivity and sophisticated intellect. The morbid concentration of the main hero in â€Å"The fall of the house of Usher† on his own personality, his inner affections, his disgust to the reality lead in the end to his tragic collapse. Some critics notice hidden motives, which give an opportunity to assume, that Roderick Usher becomes a predecessor of Adrian Leverkuehn, T. Mann’s main character of the â€Å"Doctor Faustus.† â€Å"William Wilson† represents a specific variation of the split mind theme. In the name of fame and success, the main hero strangles the voice of his best â€Å"me†, he doesn’t listen to the whisper of his own conscience. As the opposite good genius tries to restrain the hero from making the next indign step, the hero kills him – in the same way, as Dorian Gray thrusts a knife into his portrait, which became his own conscience. Undoubtedly, Poe has become a writer of the worldwide. But there are still so many rousing discussions about Poe’s place in the American literature. Some critics accuse him of incapability to depict life in its â€Å"brightness† and â€Å"happiness†, he is blamed for the lack of these colors in his heritage. Some even wonder why he hasn’t created a book â€Å"for millions†. But†¦did he have to? Those common accusations have really nothing to do with the genius of his poetry – poetry in prose, poetry in his world-perception. Poe’s genius conducts pioneer tragic tradition, which reflected the contradiction between the American dream and its fulfillment in reality.

Managing of diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing of diversity - Essay Example ting the apt workers is not the end of the task, they have to recruit employees from diverse backgrounds in their home operations and importantly in their foreign operations. That is, it is necessary that the management must ensure a constant availability of sufficient number of efficient employees from managers, executives, technical persons to laborers importantly from diverse backgrounds, for the efficient functioning of the organization and also to fulfill Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). So, recruitment of employees from diverse backgrounds will only give the desired results because it will work effectively in the interior environment as well as handle the issues that happen in the external environment of the specific organisation In organizations, workers will be like the five different fingers in one’s hand; different from one another, having different characters, attitudes, education, background and also ethnicity. But, some organizations will not have this diversity aspect, especially the ethnicity aspect, totally or not up to recognizable levels. So, certain organizations will introduce programs or strategies to recruit and assemble ‘collage’ of workers, so that the diversity element is incorporated into their organizational structure and culture. This incorporation of diversity will bring in many benefits and could also raise the image of the organization among diverse group of people. This is what many organizations like Nike, bp, Verizon, etc is trying to do through their Diversity programs. That is, all the companies are recruiting employees from diverse backgrounds through its Diversity programs to improve economically as well as ethically. So, this paper will focus on how divers ity can be managed optimally by an organization with Human Resource Manager (HRM) playing a crucial role, and with the aid of real life examples in the form Nike’s Diversity program as well as Southwest Airlines, Verizon and bp. As different humans could only

Why Tom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Tom - Essay Example This story show us that dreams have limits and have their own laws which is something Jay Gatsby learns to his unfortunate detriment at the end of the story. This is why Daisy chose Tom: she realized that Gatsby was too poor and too delusional. Daisy is a character who grows throughout the story and realizes what dreams can do. Gatsby may be rich, but in a way he is living a dream. He thinks he can go back in the past and make the wrong things right again, he thinks he can make Daisy love him again. In a way Gatsby is delusional. He has bought into a dream that financially rewarded him, but the substance of the dream is gone—all that is left is the material husk, shiny and rich, but with nothing real inside it. He has bought the shape of the dream, but not the American dream itself. Tom and Gatsby are different kinds of men. While Tom is outwardly more successful, he has less ambition than Gatsby. Gatsby wants to succeed even if that lie is a success. America is known as the new world, a land of immigrants. So many people came to America, leaving their poor old lives behind. They came from countries with few economic opportunities, with little freedom. Some came with only five dollars in their pocket. In America, because of capitalism, they could become almost anything if they worked hard and had a good idea. In one generation a family could change from peasants or paupers to a rich and well-heeled family. There was enough money for almost everyone. This was all part of the good side of the American dream: that if you worked hard you could achieve anything for yourself and your family. Tom is one of the lucky American who has been born into everything and doesnt have to work hard or be ambitious. However, there is also a sadder, darker side to the dream. The side that Gatsby represents. Some people fall in love with the dream